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Index: phpdoc/es/functions/strings.xml diff -u phpdoc/es/functions/strings.xml:1.2 phpdoc/es/functions/strings.xml:1.3 --- phpdoc/es/functions/strings.xml:1.2 Sat Sep 2 07:10:24 2000 +++ phpdoc/es/functions/strings.xml Wed Nov 29 07:15:14 2000 @@ -1,2967 +1,2969 @@ - - - Strings - - - - These functions all manipulate strings in various ways. Some more - specialized sections can be found in the regular expression and - URL handling sections. - - - - - - AddCSlashes - Quote string with slashes in a C style - - - - - - string addcslashes - string str - string charlist - - - - Returns a string with backslashes before characters that are - listed in charlist parameter. It escapes - \n, \r etc. in C-like - style, characters with ASCII code lower than 32 and higher than - 126 are converted to octal representation. Be carefull when - escaping alphanumeric characters. You can specify a range in - charlist like "\0..\37", which would - escape all characters with ASCII code between 0 and 31. - - - -$escaped = addcslashes ($not_escaped, "\0..\37!@\177..\377"); - - - - - Added in PHP4b3-dev. - - - - See also stripcslashes, - stripslashes, - htmlspecialchars, - htmlspecialchars, and - quotemeta. - - - - - - - AddSlashes - Quote string with slashes - - - - - - string addslashes - string str - - - - Returns a string with backslashes before characters that need - to be quoted in database queries etc. These characters are - single quote ('), double quote - ("), backslash (\) - and NUL (the null byte). - - - See also stripslashes, - htmlspecialchars, and - quotemeta. - - - - - - - bin2hex - - Convert binary data into hexadecimal representation - - - - - - - string bin2hex - string str - - - - Returns an ASCII string containing the hexadecimal representation - of str. The conversion is done byte-wise - with the high-nibble first. - - - - - - - Chop - Remove trailing whitespace - - - - - - string chop - string str - - - - Returns the argument string without trailing whitespace, - including newlines. - - - -$trimmed = chop ($line); - - - - - See also trim. - - - - - - - Chr - Return a specific character - - - - - - string chr - int ascii - - - - Returns a one-character string containing the character specified - by ascii. - - - -$str .= chr (27); /* add an escape character at the end of $str */ - -/* Often this is more useful */ - -$str = sprintf ("The string ends in escape: %c", 27); - - - This function complements ord. See also - sprintf with a format string of - %c. - - - - - - - chunk_split - Split a string into smaller chunks - - - - - - string chunk_split - string string - int - chunklen - - string - end - - - - - Can be used to split a string into smaller chunks which is useful - for e.g. converting base64_encode output to - match RFC 2045 semantics. It inserts every - chunklen (defaults to 76) chars the string - end (defaults to "\r\n"). It returns the - new string leaving the original string untouched. - - - -# format $data using RFC 2045 semantics - -$new_string = chunk_split (base64_encode($data)); - - - This function is significantly faster than - ereg_replace. - - - This function was added in 3.0.6. - - - - - - - - - convert_cyr_string - - Convert from one Cyrillic character set to another - - - - - - - string convert_cyr_string - string str - string from - string to - - - - This function converts the given string from one Cyrillic - character set to another. The from and - to arguments are single characters that - represent the source and target Cyrillic character sets. The - supported types are: - - - - k - koi8-r - - - - - w - windows-1251 - - - - - i - iso8859-5 - - - - - a - x-cp866 - - - - - d - x-cp866 - - - - - m - x-mac-cyrillic - - - - - - - - - - count_chars - - Return information abouts characters used in a string - - - - - - - mixed count_chars - string string - - - mode - - - - - - Counts the number of occurances of every byte-value (0..255) in - string and returns it in various ways. - The optional parameter Mode default to - 0. Depending on mode - count_chars returns one of the following: - - - - 0 - an array with the byte-value as key and the freqency of - every byte as value. - - - - - 1 - same as 0 but only byte-values with a frequency greater - than zero are listed. - - - - - 2 - same as 0 but only byte-values with a frequency equal to - zero are listed. - - - - - 3 - a string containing all used byte-values is returned. - - - - - 4 - a string containing all not used byte-values is returned. - - - - - - - This function was added in PHP 4.0. - - - - - - - - crc32 - Calculates the crc32 polynomial of a string - - - - - - int crc32 - string str - - - - Generates the cyclic redundancy checksum polynomial of 32-bit lengths of - the str. This is usually used to validate the - integrity of data being trasmited. - - - See also: md5 - - - - - - - crypt - DES-encrypt a string - - - - - - string crypt - string str - string - salt - - - - - crypt will encrypt a string using the - standard Unix DES encryption method. Arguments - are a string to be encrypted and an optional two-character salt - string to base the encryption on. See the Unix man page for your - crypt function for more information. - - - If the salt argument is not provided, it will be randomly - generated by PHP. - - - Some operating systems support more than one type of encryption. - In fact, sometimes the standard DES encryption is replaced by an - MD5 based encryption algorithm. The encryption type is triggered - by the salt argument. At install time, PHP determines the - capabilities of the crypt function and will accept salts for - other encryption types. If no salt is provided, PHP will - auto-generate a standard 2-character DES salt by default unless - the default encryption type on the system is MD5 in which case a - random MD5-compatible salt is generated. PHP sets a constant - named CRYPT_SALT_LENGTH which tells you whether a regular - 2-character salt applies to your system or the longer 12-char MD5 - salt is applicable. - - - The standard DES encryption crypt contains - the salt as the first two characters of the output. - - - On systems where the crypt() function supports multiple - encryption types, the following constants are set to 0 or 1 - depending on whether the given type is available: - - - - - CRYPT_STD_DES - Standard DES encryption with a 2-char SALT - - - - - CRYPT_EXT_DES - Extended DES encryption with a 9-char SALT - - - - - CRYPT_MD5 - MD5 encryption with a 12-char SALT starting with - $1$ - - - - - CRYPT_BLOWFISH - Extended DES encryption with a 16-char SALT - starting with $2$ - - - - - There is no decrypt function, since crypt - uses a one-way algorithm. - - - See also: md5. - - - - - - - echo - Output one or more strings - - - - - - echo - string arg1 - string - argn... - - - - - Outputs all parameters. - - - Echo is not actually a function (it is a - language construct) so you are not required to use parantheses - with it. - - - -echo "Hello World"; - -echo "This spans -multiple lines. The newlines will be -output as well"; - -echo "This spans\nmultiple lines. The newlines will be\noutput as well."; - - - - - - In fact, if you want to pass more than one parameter to echo, - you must not enclose the parameters within parentheses. - - - - See also: - print, - printf, and - flush. - - - - - - - explode - Split a string by string - - - - - - array explode - string separator - string string - int - limit - - - - - Returns an array of strings, each of which is a substring of - string formed by splitting it on boundaries formed - by the string delim. - If limit is set, the returned array will contaion - a maximum of limit elements with the last element - containing the whole rest of string. - - - - - -$pizza = "piece1 piece2 piece3 piece4 piece5 piece6"; -$pieces = explode (" ", $pizza); - - - - - See also split and - implode. - - - - - - - get_html_translation_table - - Returns the translation table used by - htmlspecialchars and - htmlentities - - - - - - - string - get_html_translation_table - - int table - - - - get_html_translation_table will return the - translation table that is used internally for - htmlspecialchars and - htmlentities. Ther are two new defines - (HTML_ENTITIES, - HTML_SPECIALCHARS) that allow you to - specify the table you want. - - - -$trans = get_html_translation_table (HTML_ENTITIES); -$str = "Hallo & <Frau> & Krämer"; -$encoded = strtr ($str, $trans); - - - The $encoded variable will now contain: "Hallo - &amp; - &lt;Frau&gt; - &amp; Kr&auml;mer". - - - The cool thing is using array_flip to change - the direction of the translation. - - -$trans = array_flip ($trans); -$original = strtr ($str, $trans); - - - The content of $original would be: "Hallo & - <Frau> & Krämer". - - - This function was added in PHP 4.0. - - - - - See also: htmlspecialchars, - htmlentities, strtr, - and array_flip. - - - - - - - get_meta_tags - - Extracts all meta tag content attributes from a file and returns - an array - - - - - - - array get_meta_tags - string filename - int - use_include_path - - - - - Opens filename and parses it line by line - for <meta> tags of the form - - - -<meta name="author" content="name"> -<meta name="tags" content="php3 documentation"> -</head> <!-- parsing stops here --> - - - (pay attention to line endings - PHP uses a native function to - parse the input, so a Mac file won't work on Unix). - - - The value of the name property becomes the key, the value of the - content property becomes the value of the returned array, so you - can easily use standard array functions to traverse it or access - single values. Special characters in the value of the name - property are substituted with '_', the rest is converted to lower - case. - - - Setting use_include_path to 1 will result - in PHP trying to open the file along the standard include path. - - - - - - - hebrev - - Convert logical Hebrew text to visual text - - - - - - - string hebrev - string hebrew_text - int - max_chars_per_line - - - - - The optional parameter max_chars_per_line - indicates maximum number of characters per line will be output. The - function tries to avoid breaking words. - - - See also hebrevc - - - - - - - hebrevc - - Convert logical Hebrew text to visual text with newline conversion - - - - - - - string hebrevc - string hebrew_text - int - max_chars_per_line - - - - - This function is similar to hebrev with the - difference that it converts newlines (\n) to "<br>\n". - The optional parameter max_chars_per_line - indicates maximum number of characters per line will be output. The - function tries to avoid breaking words. - - - See also hebrev - - - - - - - htmlentities - - Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities - - - - - - - string htmlentities - string string - - - - This function is identical to - Htmlspecialchars in all ways, except that - all characters which have HTML entity equivalents are translated - into these entities. - - - At present, the ISO-8859-1 character set is used. - - - See also htmlspecialchars and - nl2br. - - - - - - - htmlspecialchars - - Convert special characters to HTML entities - - - - - - - string htmlspecialchars - string string - - - - Certain characters have special significance in HTML, and should - be represented by HTML entities if they are to preserve their - meanings. This function returns a string with these conversions - made. - - - This function is useful in preventing user-supplied text from - containing HTML markup, such as in a message board or guest book - application. - - - At present, the translations that are done are: - - - - '&' (ampersand) becomes '&amp;' - - - - - '"' (double quote) becomes '&quot;' - - - - - '<' (less than) becomes '&lt;' - - - - - '>' (greater than) becomes '&gt;' - - - - - - Note that this functions does not translate anything beyond what - is listed above. For full entity translation, see - htmlentities. - - - See also htmlentities and - nl2br. - - - - - - - implode - Join array elements with a string - - - - - - string implode - string glue - array pieces - - - - Returns a string containing a string representation of all the - array elements in the same order, with the glue string between - each element. - - - -$colon_separated = implode (":", $array); - - - - - See also explode, join, - and split. - - - - - - - join - Join array elements with a string - - - - - - string join - string glue - array pieces - - - - join is an alias to - implode, and is identical in every way. - - - See also explode, implode, - and split. - - - - - - - levenshtein - - Calculate Levenshtein distance between two strings - - - - - - - int levenshtein - string str1 - string str2 - - - - This function return the Levenshtein-Distance between the two - argument strings or -1, if one of the argument strings is longer - than the limit of 255 characters. - - - The Levenshtein distance is defined as the minimal number of - characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform - str1 into str2. - The complexity of the algorithm is O(m*n), - where n and m are the - length of str1 and - str2 (rather good when compared to - similar_text, which is O(max(n,m)**3), but - still expensive). - - - See also soundex, - similar_text and - metaphone. - - - - - - - ltrim - - Strip whitespace from the beginning of a string - - - - - - - string ltrim - string str - - - - This function strips whitespace from the start of a string and - returns the stripped string. The whitespace - characters it currently strips are: "\n", "\r", "\t", "\v", "\0", - and a plain space. - - - See also chop and trim. - - - - - - - md5 - Calculate the md5 hash of a string - - - - - - string md5 - string str - - - - Calculates the MD5 hash of str using the - RSA Data Security, Inc. - MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm. - - - See also: crc32 - - - - - - - Metaphone - Calculate the metaphone key of a string - - - - - - string metaphone - string str - - - - Calculates the metaphone key of str. - - - Similar to soundex metaphone creates the - same key for similar sounding words. It's more accurate than - soundex as it knows the basic rules of - English pronunciation. The metaphone generated keys are of - variable length. - - - Metaphone was developed by Lawrence Philips - <lphilips <email protected>>. It is described in ["Practical - Algorithms for Programmers", Binstock & Rex, Addison Wesley, - 1995]. - - - This function was added in PHP 4.0. - - - - - - - - - nl2br - Converts newlines to HTML line breaks - - - - - - string nl2br - string string - - - - Returns string with '<BR>' inserted - before all newlines. - - - See also htmlspecialchars, - htmlentities and - wordwrap. - - - - - - - Ord - Return ASCII value of character - - - - - - int ord - string string - - - - Returns the ASCII value of the first character of - string. This function complements - chr. - - - -if (ord ($str) == 10) { - echo "The first character of \$str is a line feed.\n"; -} - - - - - See also chr. - - - - - - - parse_str - Parses the string into variables - - - - - - void parse_str - string str - - - - Parses str as if it were the query string - passed via an URL and sets variables in the current scope. - - - - - -$str = "first=value&second[]=this+works&second[]=another"; -parse_str($str); -echo $first; /* prints "value" */ -echo $second[0]; /* prints "this works" */ -echo $second[1]; /* prints "another" */ - - - - - - - - - print - Output a string - - - - - - print - string arg - - - - Outputs arg. - - - See also: echo, printf, - and flush. - - - - - - - printf - Output a formatted string - - - - - - int printf - string format - mixed - args... - - - - - Produces output according to format, which - is described in the documentation for sprintf. - - - See also: print, sprintf, - sscanf, fscanf, - and flush. - - - - - - - quoted_printable_decode - - Convert a quoted-printable string to an 8 bit string - - - - - - - string - quoted_printable_decode - - string str - - - - This function returns an 8-bit binary string corresponding to the - decoded quoted printable string. This function is similar to - imap_qprint, except this one does not - require the IMAP module to work. - - - - - - - quotemeta - Quote meta characters - - - - - - string quotemeta - string str - - - - Returns a version of str with a backslash character - (\) before every character that is among - these: . \\ + * ? [ ^ ] ( $ ) - - - See also addslashes, - htmlentities, - htmlspecialchars, - nl2br, and - stripslashes. - - - - - - - rtrim - Remove trailing whitespace. - - - - - string rtrim - string str - - - Returns the argument string without trailing whitespace, - including newlines. This is an alias for chop. - - - -$trimmed = rtrim ($line); - - - - - See also trim, ltrim. - - - - - - - sscanf - Parses input from a string according to a format - - - - - - mixed sscanf - string str - string format - string - var1... - - - - - The function sscanf is the input analog of - printf. Sscanf reads from - the string str and interprets it according to - the specified format. If only two parameters were - passed to this function, the values parsed will be returned as an array. - - - -// getting the serial number -$serial = sscanf("SN/2350001","SN/%d"); -// and the date of manufacturing -$mandate = "January 01 2000"; -list($month, $day, $year) = sscanf($mandate,"%s %d %d"); -echo "Item $serial was manufactured on: $year-".substr($month,0,3)."-$day\n"; - - - If optional parameters are passed, the function will return the number of - assigned values. The optional parameters must be passed by reference. - - - -// get author info and generate DocBook entry -$auth = "24\tLewis Carroll"; -$n = sscanf($auth,"%d\t%s %s", &$id, &$first, &$last); -echo "<author id='$id'> - <firstname>$first</firstname> - <surname>$last</surname> -</author>\n"; - - - - - See also: fscanf, printf, - and sprintf. - - - - - - - setlocale - Set locale information - - - - - - string setlocale - string category - string locale - - - - Category is a string specifying the - category of the functions affected by the locale setting: - - - - LC_ALL for all of the below - - - - - LC_COLLATE for string comparison - not currently implemented in PHP - - - - - LC_CTYPE for character classification and conversion, for - example strtoupper - - - - - LC_MONETARY for localeconv() - not currently implemented in - PHP - - - - - LC_NUMERIC for decimal separator - - - - - LC_TIME for date and time formatting with - strftime - - - - - - If locale is the empty string - "", the locale names will be set from the - values of environment variables with the same names as the above - categories, or from "LANG". - - - If locale is zero or "0", the locale setting - is not affected, only the current setting is returned. - - - Setlocale returns the new current locale, or false if the locale - functionality is not implemented in the plattform, the specified - locale does not exist or the category name is invalid. - An invalid category name also causes a warning message. - - - - - - - similar_text - - Calculate the similarity between two strings - - - - - - - int similar_text - string first - string second - double - percent - - - - - This calculates the similarity between two strings as described - in Oliver [1993]. Note that this implementation does not use a - stack as in Oliver's pseudo code, but recursive calls which may - or may not speed up the whole process. Note also that the - complexity of this algorithm is O(N**3) where N is the length of - the longest string. - - - By passing a reference as third argument, - similar_text will calculate the similarity - in percent for you. It returns the number of matching chars in - both strings. - - - - - - - soundex - Calculate the soundex key of a string - - - - - - string soundex - string str - - - - Calculates the soundex key of str. - - - Soundex keys have the property that words pronounced similarly - produce the same soundex key, and can thus be used to simplify - searches in databases where you know the pronunciation but not - the spelling. This soundex function returns a string 4 characters - long, starting with a letter. - - - This particular soundex function is one described by Donald Knuth - in "The Art Of Computer Programming, vol. 3: Sorting And - Searching", Addison-Wesley (1973), pp. 391-392. - - - - - -soundex ("Euler") == soundex ("Ellery") == 'E460'; -soundex ("Gauss") == soundex ("Ghosh") == 'G200'; -soundex ("Knuth") == soundex ("Kant") == 'H416'; -soundex ("Lloyd") == soundex ("Ladd") == 'L300'; -soundex ("Lukasiewicz") == soundex ("Lissajous") == 'L222'; - - - - - - - - - sprintf - Return a formatted string - - - - - - string sprintf - string format - mixed - args... - - - - - Returns a string produced according to the formatting string - format. - - - The format string is composed by zero or more directives: - ordinary characters (excluding %) that are - copied directly to the result, and conversion - specifications, each of which results in fetching its - own parameter. This applies to both sprintf - and printf. - - - Each conversion specification consists of these elements, in - order: - - - - An optional padding specifier that says - what character will be used for padding the results to the - right string size. This may be a space character or a - 0 (zero character). The default is to pad - with spaces. An alternate padding character can be specified - by prefixing it with a single quote ('). - See the examples below. - - - - - An optional alignment specifier that says - if the result should be left-justified or right-justified. - The default is right-justified; a - - character here will make it left-justified. - - - - - An optional number, a width specifier - that says how many characters (minimum) this conversion should - result in. - - - - - An optional precision specifier that says - how many decimal digits should be displayed for floating-point - numbers. This option has no effect for other types than - double. (Another function useful for formatting numbers is - number_format.) - - - - - A type specifier that says what type the - argument data should be treated as. Possible types: - - - % - a literal percent character. No - argument is required. - - - b - the argument is treated as an - integer, and presented as a binary number. - - - c - the argument is treated as an - integer, and presented as the character with that ASCII - value. - - - d - the argument is treated as an - integer, and presented as a decimal number. - - - f - the argument is treated as a double, - and presented as a floating-point number. - - - o - the argument is treated as an - integer, and presented as an octal number. - - - s - the argument is treated as and - presented as a string. - - - x - the argument is treated as an integer - and presented as a hexadecimal number (with lowercase - letters). - - - X - the argument is treated as an integer - and presented as a hexadecimal number (with uppercase - letters). - - - - - - - - See also: printf, sscanf, - fscanf, and number_format. - - - - - - - - -$isodate = sprintf ("%04d-%02d-%02d", $year, $month, $day); - - - - - -$money1 = 68.75; -$money2 = 54.35; -$money = $money1 + $money2; -// echo $money will output "123.1"; -$formatted = sprintf ("%01.2f", $money); -// echo $formatted will output "123.10" - - - - - - - - - strcasecmp - - Binary safe case-insensitive string comparison - - - - - - - int strcasecmp - string str1 - string str2 - - - - Returns < 0 if str1 is less than - str2; > 0 if str1 - is greater than str2, and 0 if they are - equal. - - - -$var1 = "Hello"; -$var2 = "hello"; -if (!strcasecmp ($var1, $var2)) { - echo '$var1 is equal to $var2 in a case-insensitive string comparison'; -} - - - - - See also ereg, strcmp, - substr, stristr, and - strstr. - - - - - - - strchr - - Find the first occurrence of a character - - - - - - - string strchr - string haystack - string needle - - - - This function is an alias for strstr, and is - identical in every way. - - - - - - - strcmp - Binary safe string comparison - - - - - - int strcmp - string str1 - string str2 - - - - Returns < 0 if str1 is less than - str2; > 0 if str1 - is greater than str2, and 0 if they are - equal. - - - Note that this comparison is case sensitive. - - - See also ereg, - strcasecmp, substr, - stristr, strncmp, - and strstr. - - - - - - - strcspn - - Find length of initial segment not matching mask - - - - - - - int strcspn - string str1 - string str2 - - - - Returns the length of the initial segment of - str1 which does not - contain any of the characters in str2. - - - See also strspn. - - - - - - - strip_tags - Strip HTML and PHP tags from a string - - - - - - string strip_tags - string str - string - allowable_tags - - - - - This function tries to strip all HTML and PHP tags from the given - string. It errors on the side of caution in case of incomplete - or bogus tags. It uses the same tag stripping state machine as - the fgetss function. - - - You can use the optional second parameter to specify tags which - should not be stripped. - - - Allowable_tags was added in PHP 3.0.13, - PHP4B3. - - - - - - - - - stripcslashes - - Un-quote string quoted with addcslashes - - - - - - - string stripcslashes - string str - - - - Returns a string with backslashes stripped off. Recognizes - C-like \n, \r ..., octal - and hexadecimal representation. - - - Added in PHP4b3-dev. - - - - - See also addcslashes. - - - - - - - stripslashes - - Un-quote string quoted with addslashes - - - - - - - string stripslashes - string str - - - - Returns a string with backslashes stripped off. - (\' becomes ' and so on.) - Double backslashes are made into a single backslash. - - - See also addslashes. - - - - - - - stristr - - Case-insensitive strstr - - - - - - - string stristr - string haystack - string needle - - - - Returns all of haystack from the first - occurrence of needle to the end. - needle and haystack - are examined in a case-insensitive manner. - - - If needle is not found, returns false. - - - If needle is not a string, it is converted - to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character. - - - See also strchr, - strrchr, substr, and - ereg. - - - - - - - strlen - Get string length - - - - - - int strlen - string str - - - - Returns the length of string. - - - - - - - strnatcmp - - String comparisons using a "natural order" algorithm - - - - - - - int strnatcmp - string str1 - string str2 - - - - This function implements a comparison algorithm that orders - alphanumeric strings in the way a human being would, this is - described as a "natural ordering". An example of the difference - between this algorithm and the regular computer string sorting - algorithms (used in strcmp) can be seen - below: - - -$arr1 = $arr2 = array ("img12.png","img10.png","img2.png","img1.png"); -echo "Standard string comparison\n"; -usort($arr1,"strcmp"); -print_r($arr1); -echo "\nNatural order string comparison\n"; -usort($arr2,"strnatcmp"); -print_r($arr2); - - - The code above will generate the following output: - - -Standard string comparison -Array -( - [0] => img1.png - [1] => img10.png - [2] => img12.png - [3] => img2.png -) - -Natural order string comparison -Array -( - [0] => img1.png - [1] => img2.png - [2] => img10.png - [3] => img12.png -) - - - For more infomation see: Martin Pool's Natural Order String Comparison - page. - - - Similar to other string comparison functions, this one returns - < 0 if str1 is less than - str2; > 0 if str1 - is greater than str2, and 0 if they are - equal. - - - Note that this comparison is case sensitive. - - - See also ereg, - strcasecmp, substr, - stristr, strcmp, - strncmp, strnatcasecmp, - and strstr. - - - - - - - strnatcasecmp - - Case insensitive string comparisons using a "natural order" algorithm - - - - - - - int strnatcasecmp - string str1 - string str2 - - - - This function implements a comparison algorithm that orders - alphanumeric strings in the way a human being would. The - behavior of this function is similar to - strnatcmp, except that the comparison is - not case sensitive. For more infomation see: Martin Pool's - Natural Order String - Comparison page. - - - Similar to other string comparison functions, this one returns - < 0 if str1 is less than - str2; > 0 if str1 - is greater than str2, and 0 if they are - equal. - - - See also ereg, - strcasecmp, substr, - stristr, strcmp, - strncmp, strnatcmp, - and strstr. - - - - - - - strncmp - - Binary safe string comparison of the first n characters - - - - - - - int strncmp - string str1 - string str2 - int len - - - - This function is similar to strcmp, with the - difference that you can specify the (upper limit of the) number of - characters (len) from each string to be - used in the comparison. If any of the strings is shorter than - len, then the length of that string will be - used for the comparison. - - - Returns < 0 if str1 is less than - str2; > 0 if str1 - is greater than str2, and 0 if they are - equal. - - - Note that this comparison is case sensitive. - - - See also ereg, - strcasecmp, substr, - stristr, strcmp, - and strstr. - - - - - - - str_pad - Pad a string to a certain length with another string - - - - - - string str_pad - string input - int pad_length - string - pad_string - int - pad_type - - - - - This functions pads the input string on - the left, the right, or both sides to the specifed padding - length. If the optional argument - pad_string is not supplied, the - input is padded with spaces, otherwise it - is padded with characters from pad_string - up to the limit. - - - - Optional argument pad_type can be - STR_PAD_RIGHT, STR_PAD_LEFT, or STR_PAD_BOTH. If - pad_type is not specified it is assumed to - be STR_PAD_RIGHT. - - - - If the value of pad_length is negative or - less than the length of the input string, no padding takes - place. - - - - - - -$input = "Alien"; -print str_pad($input, 10); // produces "Alien " -print str_pad($input, 10, "-=", STR_PAD_LEFT); // produces "-=-=-Alien" -print str_pad($input, 10, "_", STR_PAD_BOTH); // produces "__Alien___" - - - - - - - - - strpos - - Find position of first occurrence of a string - - - - - - - int strpos - string haystack - string needle - int - offset - - - - - Returns the numeric position of the first occurrence of - needle in the - haystack string. Unlike the - strrpos, this function can take a full - string as the needle parameter and the - entire string will be used. - - - If needle is not found, returns false. - - - It is easy to mistake the return values for "character found at - position 0" and "character not found". Here's how to detect - the difference: - - -// in PHP 4.0b3 and newer: -$pos = strpos ($mystring, "b"); -if ($pos === false) { // note: three equal signs - // not found... -} - -// in versions older than 4.0b3: -$pos = strpos ($mystring, "b"); -if (is_string ($pos) && !$pos) { - // not found... -} - - - - - - - If needle is not a string, it is converted - to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character. - - - The optional offset parameter allows you - to specify which character in haystack to - start searching. The position returned is still relative to the - the beginning of haystack. - - - See also strrpos, - strrchr, substr, - stristr, and strstr. - - - - - - - strrchr - - Find the last occurrence of a character in a string - - - - - - - string strrchr - string haystack - string needle - - - - This function returns the portion of - haystack which starts at the last - occurrence of needle and goes until the - end of haystack. - - - Returns false if needle is not found. - - - If needle contains more than one - character, the first is used. - - - If needle is not a string, it is converted - to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character. - - - -// get last directory in $PATH -$dir = substr (strrchr ($PATH, ":"), 1); - -// get everything after last newline -$text = "Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3"; -$last = substr (strrchr ($text, 10), 1 ); - - - - - See also substr, - stristr, and strstr. - - - - - - - str_repeat - Repeat a string - - - - - - string str_repeat - string input - int multiplier - - - - Returns input_str repeated - multiplier times. - multiplier has to be greater than 0. - - - - -echo str_repeat ("-=", 10); - - - - This will output "-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=". - - - - This function was added in PHP 4.0. - - - - - - - - strrev - Reverse a string - - - - - - string strrev - string string - - - - Returns string, reversed. - - - - - - - strrpos - - Find position of last occurrence of a char in a string - - - - - - - int strrpos - string haystack - char needle - - - - Returns the numeric position of the last occurrence of - needle in the - haystack string. Note that the needle in - this case can only be a single character. If a string is passed - as the needle, then only the first character of that string will - be used. - - - If needle is not found, returns false. - - - If needle is not a string, it is converted - to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character. - - - See also strpos, - strrchr, substr, - stristr, and strstr. - - - - - - - strspn - - Find length of initial segment matching mask - - - - - - - int strspn - string str1 - string str2 - - - - Returns the length of the initial segment of - str1 which consists entirely of characters - in str2. - - - - -strspn ("42 is the answer, what is the question ...", "1234567890"); - - - will return 2 as result. - - - - - See also strcspn. - - - - - - - strstr - Find first occurrence of a string - - - - - - string strstr - string haystack - string needle - - - - Returns all of haystack from the first - occurrence of needle to the end. - - - If needle is not found, returns false. - - - If needle is not a string, it is converted - to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character. - - - - - Note that this function is case-sensitive. For - case-insensitive searches, use stristr. - - - - - - - -$email = 'sterling <email protected>'; -$domain = strstr ($email, '@'); -print $domain; // prints  <email protected> - - - - - See also stristr, - strrchr, substr, and - ereg. - - - - - - - strtok - Tokenize string - - - - - - string strtok - string arg1 - string arg2 - - - - strtok is used to tokenize a string. That - is, if you have a string like "This is an example string" you - could tokenize this string into its individual words by using the - space character as the token. - - - -$string = "This is an example string"; -$tok = strtok ($string," "); -while ($tok) { - echo "Word=$tok<br>"; - $tok = strtok (" "); -} - - - - - Note that only the first call to strtok uses the string argument. - Every subsequent call to strtok only needs the token to use, as - it keeps track of where it is in the current string. To start - over, or to tokenize a new string you simply call strtok with the - string argument again to initialize it. Note that you may put - multiple tokens in the token parameter. The string will be - tokenized when any one of the characters in the argument are - found. - - - Also be careful that your tokens may be equal to "0". This - evaluates to false in conditional expressions. - - - See also split and - explode. - - - - - - - strtolower - Make a string lowercase - - - - - - string strtolower - string str - - - - Returns string with all alphabetic - characters converted to lowercase. - - - Note that 'alphabetic' is determined by the current locale. This - means that in i.e. the default "C" locale, characters such as - umlaut-A (Ä) will not be converted. - - - - -$str = "Mary Had A Little Lamb and She LOVED It So"; -$str = strtolower($str); -print $str; # Prints mary had a little lamb and she loved it so - - - - See also strtoupper - and ucfirst. - - - - - - - strtoupper - Make a string uppercase - - - - - - string strtoupper - string string - - - - Returns string with all alphabetic - characters converted to uppercase. - - - Note that 'alphabetic' is determined by the current locale. For - instance, in the default "C" locale characters such as umlaut-a - (ä) will not be converted. - - - - -$str = "Mary Had A Little Lamb and She LOVED It So"; -$str = strtoupper ($str); -print $str; # Prints MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB AND SHE LOVED IT SO - - - - See also strtolower - and ucfirst. - - - - - - - str_replace - - Replace all occurrences of needle in haystack with str - - - - - - - string str_replace - string needle - string str - string haystack - - - - This function replaces all occurences of - needle in haystack - with the given str. If you don't need - fancy replacing rules, you should always use this function - instead of ereg_replace. - - - - -$bodytag = str_replace ("%body%", "black", "<body text=%body%>"); - - - - - This function is binary safe. - - - - Str_replace was added in PHP 3.0.6, but was - buggy up until PHP 3.0.8. - - - - See also ereg_replace and - strtr. - - - - - - - strtr - Translate certain characters - - - - - - string strtr - string str - string from - string to - - - - This function operates on str, translating - all occurrences of each character in from - to the corresponding character in to and - returning the result. - - - If from and to are - different lengths, the extra characters in the longer of the two - are ignored. - - - -$addr = strtr($addr, "äåö", "aao"); - - - - - strtr can be called with only two - arguments. If called with two arguments it behaves in a new way: - from then has to be an array that contains - string -> string pairs that will be replaced in the source - string. strtr will always look for the - longest possible match first and will *NOT* try to replace stuff - that it has already worked on. - - - Examples: - - -$trans = array ("hello" => "hi", "hi" => "hello"); -echo strtr("hi all, I said hello", $trans) . "\n"; - - - This will show: "hello all, I said hi", - - - - This feature (two arguments) was added in PHP 4.0. - - - - See also ereg_replace. - - - - - - - substr - Return part of a string - - - - - - string substr - string string - int start - int - length - - - - - Substr returns the portion of string - specified by the start and - length parameters. - - - If start is positive, the returned string - will start at the start'th character of - string. - - - Examples: - - -$rest = substr ("abcdef", 1); // returns "bcdef" -$rest = substr ("abcdef", 1, 3); // returns "bcd" - - - - - If start is negative, the returned string - will start at the start'th character - from the end of string. - - Examples: - - -$rest = substr ("abcdef", -1); // returns "f" -$rest = substr ("abcdef", -2); // returns "ef" -$rest = substr ("abcdef", -3, 1); // returns "d" - - - - - If length is given and is positive, the - string returned will end length characters - from start. If this would result in a - string with negative length (because the start is past the end of - the string), then the returned string will contain the single - character at start. - - - If length is given and is negative, the - string returned will end length characters - from the end of string. If this would - result in a string with negative length, then the returned string - will contain the single character at - start. - - - Examples: - - -$rest = substr ("abcdef", 1, -1); // returns "bcde" - - - - - See also strrchr and - ereg. - - - - - - - substr_count - Count the number of substring occurrences - - - - - - int substr_count - string haystrack - string needle - - - - substr_count returns the number of times the - needle substring occurs in the - haystack string. - - - - - - -print substr_count("This is a test", "is"); // prints out 2 - - - - - - - - - substr_replace - Replace text within a portion of a string - - - - - - string substr_replace - string string - string replacement - int start - int - length - - - - - substr_replace replaces the part of - string delimited by the - start and (optionally) - length parameters with the string given in - replacement. The result is returned. - - - If start is positive, the replacing will - begin at the start'th offset into - string. - - - If start is negative, the replacing will - begin at the start'th character from the - end of string. - - - If length is given and is positive, it - represents the length of the portion of - string which is to be replaced. If it is - negative, it represents the number of characters from the end of - string at which to stop replacing. If it - is not given, then it will default to strlen( - string ); i.e. end the replacing at the - end of string. - - - - - -<?php -$var = 'ABCDEFGH:/MNRPQR/'; -echo "Original: $var<hr>\n"; - -/* These two examples replace all of $var with 'bob'. */ -echo substr_replace ($var, 'bob', 0) . "<br>\n"; -echo substr_replace ($var, 'bob', 0, strlen ($var)) . "<br>\n"; - -/* Insert 'bob' right at the beginning of $var. */ -echo substr_replace ($var, 'bob', 0, 0) . "<br>\n"; - -/* These next two replace 'MNRPQR' in $var with 'bob'. */ -echo substr_replace ($var, 'bob', 10, -1) . "<br>\n"; -echo substr_replace ($var, 'bob', -7, -1) . "<br>\n"; - -/* Delete 'MNRPQR' from $var. */ -echo substr_replace ($var, '', 10, -1) . "<br>\n"; -?> - - - - - See also str_replace and - substr. - - - - Substr_replace was added in PHP 4.0. - - - - - - - - trim - - Strip whitespace from the beginning and end of a string - - - - - - - string trim - string str - - - - This function strips whitespace from the start and the end of a - string and returns the stripped string. The whitespace - characters it currently strips are: "\n", "\r", "\t", "\v", "\0", - and a plain space. - - - See also chop and - ltrim. - - - - - - - ucfirst - Make a string's first character uppercase - - - - - - string ucfirst - string str - - - - Capitalizes the first character of str if - that character is alphabetic. - - - Note that 'alphabetic' is determined by the current locale. For - instance, in the default "C" locale characters such as umlaut-a - (ä) will not be converted. - - - -$text = 'mary had a little lamb and she loved it so.'; -$text = ucfirst ($text); // $text is now Mary had a little lamb - // and she loved it so. - - - - - See also strtoupper and - strtolower. - - - - - - - ucwords - - Uppercase the first character of each word in a string - - - - - - - string ucwords - string str - - - - Capitalizes the first character of each word in - str if that character is alphabetic. - - - -$text = "mary had a little lamb and she loved it so."; -$text = ucwords($text); // $text is now: Mary Had A Little - // Lamb And She Loved It So. - - - - - See also strtoupper, - strtolower and ucfirst. - - - - - - - - wordwrap - - Wraps a string to a given number of characters using a string - break character. - - - - - - - string wordwrap - string str - int - width - - string - break - - - - - Wraps the string str at the column number - specified by the (optional) width - parameter. The line is broken using the (optional) - break parameter. - - - wordwrap will automatically wrap at column - 75 and break using '\n' (newline) if width - or break are not given. - -